
Symphytum Officinale 200C is a homeopathic dilution of Symphytum Officinale that relieves symptoms of bone trauma. Herbal medicines that provide over 1 mg/day internally or over 100 mg/day externally are not permitted herbal medicines that provideĠ.1.1 mg/day internally or 10-100 mg/day may be applied only for a maximum of 6 weeks per year, and they should not be used during pregnancy or lactation.Customize your care with Boiron single medicines for highly targeted relief.
The German Federal Health Office has restricted the availability of botanical medicines containing unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1,2). Animal studies have shown that transplacental passage and transfer to breast milk can occur, and fatal neonatal liver damage has been reported, when the mother used an herbal cough tea containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids throughout her pregnancy. It is prudent to avoid exposure of unborn or suckling children to herbal remedies containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Heliotropium species contain various pyrrolizidine alkaloids (which are covered in a separate monograph). Animal studies have shown that transplacental passage and transfer to breast milk are possible, and there is a human case on record of fatal neonatal liver injury, in which the mother had used a herbal cough tea containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids throughout her pregnancy. It is prudent to avoid exposing unborn or suckling children to herbal remedies containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. officinale pointed out that since 1990 no cases of adverse events have been reported and stated that com-frey has a history of effective therapeutic use in humans and that it "might not be as dangerous to humans as current restrictions indicate'' (8).
However, the author of a review of the toxicity of S. Other reports of hepatotoxicity due to S. Light microscopy and hepatic angiography showed occlusion of sublobular veins and small venous radicles of the liver, associated with widespread hemor-rhagic necrosis of hepatocytes.
A 23-year-old man who had taken comfrey leaves presented with hepatic veno-occlusive disease and severe portal hypertension and subsequently died from liver failure (4). Patients can present with acute or chronic signs portal hypertension, hepatomegaly, and abdominal pain are the main features.Īlkanna (alkanna) Amsinckia (fiddleneck) Anchusa (bugloss) Antiphytum (saucerflower) Argusia (sea rosemary) Asperugo (German-madwort) Borago (borage)īothriospermum (bothriospermum) Bourreria (strongbark) Brunnera (brunnera) Buglossoides (buglossoides) Carmona (scorpionbush) Cordia (cordia) Cryptantha (cryptantha) Cynoglossum (hound's tongue) Dasynotus (whitethroat) Echium (vipersbugloss) Ehretia (ehretia)Įritrichium (alpine forget-me-not) Hackelia (stickseed) Harpagonella (grapplinghook) Heliotropium (heliotrope) Lappula (stickseed) Lithospermum (stoneseed) Macromeria (giant-trumpets) Mertensia (bluebells) Myosotis (forget-me-not) Myosotidium (giant forget-me-not) Nonea (monkswort) Omphalodes (navelwort) Onosmodium (marbleseed) Onosma (onosma) Pectocarya (combseed) Pentaglottis (pentaglottis) Plagiobothrys (popcorn flower) Pulmonaria (lungwort) Rochefortia (rochefortia) Symphytum (comfrey) Tiquilia (crinklemat) Tournefortia (soldierbush) officinale is veno-occlusive disease, a non-thrombotic obliteration of small hepatic veins leading to cirrhosis and eventually liver failure (3). The main type of liver damage caused by S. Sometimes there is also damage to the lungs. They can produce veno-occlusive disease of the liver with clinical features like abdominal pain with ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Certain representatives of this class and the plants in which they occur are hepatotoxic, as well as mutagenic and carcinogenic. Symphytum officinale contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are the subject of a separate monograph. Herbal medicines that provide more than 1 mg internally or more than 100 mg externally per day, when used as directed, are not permitted herbal medicines that provide 0.1-1 mg internally or 10-100 mg externally per day, when used as directed, may be applied only for a maximum of 6 weeks per year, and they should not be used during pregnancy or lactation. Symphytum officinale (black wort, boneset, bruise wort, comfrey, knitback, knitbone, slippery root) contains pyr-rolizidine alkaloids, such as lasiocarpine and symphytine, and their N-oxides, and has repeatedly been associated with hepatotoxicity.Ĭomfrey products have been withdrawn from the market in several countries, including the USA and the UK.